1. 人像摄影后期必学的PS技巧
人像精修
1、人像磨皮是Photoshop在商业领域运用的一个经典技能,无论是广告修片还是各种书刊杂志、印刷品设计、电商设计、影楼摄影等,都需要进行对人像精修及磨皮处理。而照片的不同应用场景决定了不同的修片风格,这里仅介绍广告级专业人物修片技巧。
2、什么是广告级人物修片?首先,广告级人物修片就是对运用在各种广告中的人物照片进行精修,这些广告会投放在各种媒体平台,包括户外大型灯箱广告、高精度的印刷品杂志媒体、大型电商平台等,这就意味着照片的任何一点细节都会被极度放大,任何地方如果出现瑕疵都会被很容易发现。
另外,除了精细的处理照片的瑕疵,还需要尽可能的保留人物细节,比如肌肤的纹理、毛孔等。避免照片在放大后会因为缺失细节而带来粗糙的效果,所以广告人物修片的宗旨就是:细致、真实、质感。
双曲线磨皮法
为了达到广告级效果,尽量保留细节,我们就需要人像是无损肌肤肌理的磨皮技术,所以在诸多磨皮方法中,这里选择双曲线磨皮法。
主要思路分3步:
第一步:处理皮肤细节
第二步:处理五官
第三步:整体调整
处理皮肤细节
1、处理皮肤细节是整个双曲线磨皮中最重要的环节,第一步通过观察发现模特肤质其实还算不错,只是在鼻子周围有不少明显的粉刺,少数地方有些肤色不均,眼角额头有一些少许的细纹,这些都需要进行处理。
2、建立观察器
打开人像文件,新建图层,填充黑色,图层模式选择“颜色”,这样可以避免颜色干扰我们的观察。
3、再新建一个图层,同样填充黑色,图层样式选择“柔光”,加强黑白对比,方便观察。
4、新建曲线蒙版,进一步加强画面对比,这样可以明显的观察到脸部的粉刺和细纹。
5、新建图层组命名为“观察器”,把之前的三个图层拖进去。
这样就完成了“观察器”的设置,通过“观察器”可以更好的辅助我们调整双曲线,来达到广告级的人物修片效果。
建立双曲线
1、建立双曲线调整,新建曲线调整,命名为“加深”,用于加深人像色调。
2、再次新建调整图层,命名为“减淡”,用于减淡人像色调。
3、接下来进入最耗时也最关键的细节修复阶段,基本思路是利用观察层,在双曲线蒙版中用画笔工具一点一点的涂抹颜色,达到磨皮的效果,当然也可以结合图章工具磨皮,这样会快一点,千万不要破坏人物原有的肌肤纹理。
4、这是一个非常耗费时间的环节,也是双曲线磨皮法的精髓所在,当然在整个过程中,第一我们要注意,不要破坏人像原本的肌理,第二为了追求真实的效果,人像上的痣不要修掉,经过慢慢调整后,效果如下:
调整皮肤
1、调整照片整体的色调和模特的肤色,先建立曲线调整整体色调。
2、填充一个皮肤颜色图层,选择“颜色叠加”,这样就可快速统一脸部细节处不均匀的颜色,随后用画笔工具图层调整蒙版,擦去头发,嘴唇等部位,完成后,皮肤细节就基本处理完毕了。
3、下面进入五官的处理 同样也是使用图章工具和双曲线,处理嘴巴和眼睛边缘的细纹,但是要注意,大的皱纹处理起来要慎重,因为任何一个大皱纹都会影响模特的微表情。
4、调整眼袋 完成皱纹处理后,发现模特眼袋很重,这就需要进行调整。首先同样通过曲线模板,先调淡眼袋的颜色,然后用画笔工具涂抹蒙版选取调色范围,最后调整眼袋的色调。
5、调整眼球
选择出眼睛的范围,也是通过图章工具去掉一些杂质后,整体提亮,注意:一般眼白处容易出现的红血丝一定要修掉。
这样就完成了眼部的细节处理,看一下整体效果。
6、整体调整
到这里本教程最苦的部分基本完成了,下面进入整体调整阶段,这也是非常重要而且也是出效果的部分。
选择人物图层,做USM锐化处理。
调整数值:数量500%,半径1.0像素
完成锐化后,皮肤会出现比较明显的纹理,当然之前的一些未完全修掉的瑕疵也会显露出来,这时就需要借助Portraiture插件来帮我们完成整体的磨皮效果。
7、Portraiture是一款使用率极高的磨皮软件,其实在大部分要求不是很高的修片磨皮都可以用这款软件解决,如果完成安装后,选择滤镜菜单下Imagenomin-Portraiture
调整数值如下,当然也可以根据具体人像效果做调整。
2. 人像摄影后期必学的ps技巧
PS一般指Adobe Photoshop,是由Adobe Systems开发和发行的图像处理软件。修图也即修改图片,将图片进行一定的处理,修调,从而达到需要的效果。
了解界面
菜单栏
顶部区域是菜单栏,将Photoshop所有的操作分为九类,除了【帮助】选项,共九项菜单。如编辑、图像、图层、滤镜。
工具属性栏
蓝色部分称为工具属性栏,左侧工具栏中的每个工具选项都对应不同的工具属性(如下图),所以选择不同的工具或选择不同的对象时出现的选项也不同。
工具栏
红色区域中的竖长条称为工具栏,也称为工具箱。对图像的修饰以及绘图等工具,都从这里调用。几乎每种工具都有相应的键盘快捷键。
浮动面板
PS的的右上方是浮动面板区域。浮动面板是Photoshop中非常重要的辅助工具,它为图形图像处理提供了各种各样的辅助功能。每个浮动面板都可以用鼠标进行拖拽随意放置符合你工作惯性的地方。
标题栏
标题栏显示的是对工作区命名。
状态栏
包含四个部分,分别为:图像显示比例、文件大小、浮动菜单按钮及工具提示栏。
图层工具栏
包含:图层关联、图层样式、蒙版、滤镜、图层组、图层、删除图层,这7大功能。
工作区
Photoshop可以同时打开多幅图像进行制作,图像之间还可以互相传送数据。在打开的图像间可通过菜单【窗口】底行的图像名称切换,也可以快捷键【CTRL+TAB】完成图像切换。
工作区灰色的区域称为工作区,用来显示制作中的图像。Photoshop可以同时打开多幅图像进行制作,图像之间还可以互相传送数据。在打开的图像间可通过菜单【窗口】底行的图像名称切换,也可以快捷键【CTRL+TAB】完成图像切换。
小窍门
具体每一个工具的名称,只要把鼠标移动到该工具上,旁边就会出现工具名称。
修图方法
使用多个图层
在工作中尽可能地使用多个图层,图层的作用,就是为了方便后期更改,否则Photoshop后期的修图和合成很难一次成型,为了让作品更完美,创作过程中会反复修改,因而最好在每一个关键的部分都新建一个图层。
图层透明度的修改,一般都是在图层上方有个透明度,拉下图层上放的透明度滑块就可以修改了,还有更快的方法,就是选择图层,按下键盘数值可以直接修改透明度,按下数值1就是修改10%的透明度,按下数值2就是修改20%的透明度,按下数值3就是修改30%的透明度,以此类推,可以快速改变图层透明度。
多使用蒙版
能想到删除和擦除这两个动作的地方,都可以用蒙版来代替。
删除和擦除是一种有破坏性的编辑,它们对于图层内容的伤害是不可逆的,而蒙版只是暂时隐藏选中的图像部分。好处在于,可以随时地对该部分图像进行继续隐藏或恢复等操作,并且无论操作多少遍,都对原图没有任何的破坏,蒙版是一种无损的编辑方式。
蒙版的使用方式
首先第一步打开素材,点击快速蒙版按钮。
使用画笔工具,大致选中照片中人像。
再次点击快速蒙版,退出快速蒙版模式,按住Ctrl+shift+I键进行反选。
在顶部菜单栏中执行“选择”-“选择并遮住”(老版本PS叫做调整边缘)。
接下来我们把透明度设为100,边缘检测半径设为60,移动边缘设置为15,选中净化颜色数值设置为57。
接下来选中调整边缘画笔工具,涂抹带有背景图层的位置,设置数值和效果。
多利用智能对象和智能滤镜
在对图像进行放大、缩小、扭曲、旋转和变形等操作时,都会有或多或少损失一部分画质,而将普通图层转化为智能对象后,再进行上述操作时,将保留图像一切的原始特性,不会对图像的原始画质造成任何的破坏,因而,智能对象也是一种无损的编辑方式。
右击图层,跳出来的窗口之后,选择“转换为智能对象”。
一些滤镜没有预览功能,只能设置一次参数看一次效果,如果不满意就得从头开始,使用智能滤镜后就可以很方便地修改滤镜的参数,不透明度和混合模式等。
多利用调整图层
当需要对图层的色阶、亮度,曲线和颜色等做出调整时,如果直接在原图上修改,那么后期将很难再进行调整,调整图层是一个独立图层调整,图层是一个独立图层,在这个图层上可以反复进行多次的无损调整,最终效果不满意,还可以直接删除这个调整图层,然后重新添加一个调整图层,就可以继续对原图层进行调整,这个过程对原图层是没有任何影响的。
多使用快捷键
使用快捷键,是最能提升工作效率的操作,这就好比设置的特殊电话号码,按“1”直接就是打给父母,按“2”就是直接打给妻子。
快捷键位置:
点击打开之后,界面如下:
抠图技巧
1、钢笔工具抠图
钢笔工具适用于外形复杂、不连续、色差不大的图,加工精度高、纯手工放大边界点来抠图,先将需要抠图的素材拖到ps中。
利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层。
选择“钢笔工具”。
接着在需要抠图的地方描点。
将需要抠出来的部分都圈住后点击鼠标右键,选择“建立选区”。
调整羽化半径,根据描点距离图片的距离选择,勾选“消除锯齿”后点击“确定”。
然后建立好选区,可以利用快捷键“Ctrl+C”复制选区的图层。
在一个空白图层利用快捷键“Ctrl+V”粘贴即可完成抠图。
2、魔术棒抠图
魔术棒抠图适用于图像和背景色色差明显,背景单一,图像边界清晰的素材,首先将图片素材利用ps打开
接着点击“魔棒工具”
然后调整容差值为“32”,勾选“连续”和“消除锯齿”
然后利用魔棒工具点击图片的背景区,选择一个区域后点击键盘上的删除键
把背景全部删除后即可完成抠图
3、色彩范围抠图
色彩范围抠图适用于背意景色单一,图像分明、背景无色彩的素材。首先利用Ps打开图片素材
接着点击“选择”选项卡
然后在弹出的选项中选择“色彩范围”
然后用颜色吸管拾取背景色
接着勾选“反相”并点击“确定”
然后会建立一个选区
最后利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层即可完成抠图
4、磁性索套工具抠图
磁性套索抠图适用于图像边界清晰,磁性索套会自动识别并黏附在图像边界上,如果边界模糊处放大了再放置这样就更精确,首先利用ps打开图片素材
然后选择“磁性套索工具”
接着将鼠标移到图像边界处,然后磁性套索工具自动识别并黏附在图像边界上
等磁性套索工具闭合后就将整个图像都选中了
然后利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层即可完成抠图
5、羽化法抠图
羽化法抠图适用于边界清楚的素材,首先利用ps打开图片素材
然后选择“套索工具”
接着利用套索工具将图像选中
然后点击鼠标右键,选择“羽化”
根据套索与图像的距离调整羽化半径,距离较近就调小点,如调整羽化半径为“5”后点击“确定”
然后就将图像抠出来了,但是周围有不需要的部分,可以利用橡皮擦工具擦去
点击选择“橡皮擦工具”
将周围多余的部分擦去即可完成抠图
6、蒙板抠图
蒙板抠图快速并直观适用范围广,首先利用ps打开图片素材
然后利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层
然后选择“图层1”并点击“添加图层蒙版”
接着将前景色调为黑色,背景色调为白色
调好后选择“画笔工具”
调整画笔工具的颜色为黑色,并选择图层蒙版
接着利用画笔工具将背景擦去即可完成抠图,如果不小心将图像擦掉了,可以交换前景色和背景色在擦除即可还原
7、通道抠图
通道抠图适用于色差不大,外形复杂的图形,像毛发及树枝等。首先利用ps打开图片素材
然后利用快捷键“Ctrl+j”复制一层图层
接着点击“通道”
选择并复制一个图像清楚的通道,如“蓝色”
然后点击“图像”选项卡
选择“调整”下的“色阶”
然后调整色阶以增强图像对比度,调整好后点击“确定”
接着选择“快速选择工具”
将图像选中,边界处可以放大在选择
选择好后点击“编辑”选项卡
在弹出来的选项中选择“填充”
将图像填充为背景色即为黑色,点击“确定”
然后选择“图像”选项卡
选择调整下的“反相”将背景设置为白色
接着利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层
接着将图层1和背景的“小眼睛”关闭即可查看抠出来的图像
8、反向抠图
找到图片,点击打开。
点击使用魔棒工具。
点击外部空白区域。
点击右键,点击“选择反向”。
再点击右键,选择通过拷贝(剪切)的图层。
删除背景图层。
如图,抠图完成。
去水印技巧
1、使用仿制图章工具去除
使用仿制图章工具去除文字这是比较常用的方法,具体的操作是,选取仿制图章工具,按住Alt键,在无文字区域点击相似的色彩名图案采样,然后在文字区域拖动鼠标复制以覆盖文字。
要注意的是,采样点即为复制的起始点。选择不同的笔刷直径会影响绘制的范围,而不同的笔刷硬度会影响绘制区域的边缘融合效果。
2、使用修补工具去除文字
如果图片的背景色彩或图案比较一致,使用修补工具就比较方便。
具体操作是:选取修补工具,在公共栏中选择修补项为“源”,关闭“透明”选项。然后用修补工具框选文字,拖动到无文字区域中色彩或图案相似的位置,松开鼠标就完成复制。
修补工具具有自动匹配颜色的功能,复制的效果与周围的色彩较为融合,这是仿制图章工具所不具备的。
3、使用修复画笔工具去除文字
操作的方法与仿制图章工具相似。按住Alt键,在无文字区域点击相似的色彩或图案采样,然后在文字区域拖动鼠标复制以覆盖文字,只是修复画笔工具与修补工具一样,也具有自动匹配颜色的功能,可根据需要进行选用。
4、应用消失点滤镜法
对于一些透视效果较强的画面(如地板),可以应用“消失点”滤镜进行处理。
操作方法是,框选要处理的文字区域,(防止选区以外的部分也被覆盖)执行菜单命令:滤镜——消失点,进入消失点滤镜编辑界面。
1)选取左边工具栏中的创建面板工具,由地板砖缝交汇处开始,沿着缝隙,依次点四个点,连成一个有透视效果的矩形。然后拖动其边线向右方及下方扩展,令面板完全覆盖文字。
2)选取左边工具栏中的图章工具,按住Alt键点击选取源图像点,待颜色变化后,在文字区域拖动便完成复制。
人像磨皮
首先通过快捷键Ctrl+O键打开一张人物图片,然后通过Ctrl+J键将图片复制一层,在滤镜菜单下找到“Neural Filters...”单击打开。
先开启“皮肤平滑度”按钮,再调整“模糊、平滑度”数值,最后点击确定,以智能对象方式输出。
ps2021新增的平滑度滤镜可以一键识别人物脸部,并进行磨皮,还可以通过智能滤镜进行修改,效果与美颜相机类似。
图片上色技巧
首先我们用ps打开图片。
然后新建一个图层。
将图层混合模式设置为颜色。
接着选择画笔前景色。
然后在图层上使用画笔上色即可。
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Systems开发和发行的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"图像处理软件","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。修图也即修改图片,将图片进行一定的处理,修调,从而达到需要的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAMW0C6mMOQwQhP0dNL28g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"了解界面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOG0EkeiIAMyaaQpPmd3yS9"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":826,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"了解界面","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e79f7d6afb7345a9b971c63c30e95ea5","width":1596},"text":"","id":"doxcnUKg0GGgAsoiOAdDp0sfnsg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8YcU8m8IWoQScj6Ky9k5We"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"顶部区域是菜单栏,将Photoshop所有的操作分为九类,除了【帮助】选项,共九项菜单。如编辑、图像、图层、滤镜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn86KQmYaKwg280GZe0wJKBe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具属性栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyGWIQk8cAGWQH8T3c5w0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"蓝色部分称为工具属性栏,左侧工具栏中的每个工具选项都对应不同的工具属性(如下图),所以选择不同的工具或选择不同的对象时出现的选项也不同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQmewCaWYgWsCC8fXskrnXf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygaE8sK6SeEwWcDB4HzNSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"红色区域中的竖长条称为工具栏,也称为工具箱。对图像的修饰以及绘图等工具,都从这里调用。几乎每种工具都有相应的键盘快捷键。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyOycekuwMOEg0AlRpZq3Db"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"浮动面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWemImGoIEa08kNVt4MCJSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PS的的右上方是浮动面板区域。浮动面板是Photoshop中非常重要的辅助工具,它为图形图像处理提供了各种各样的辅助功能。每个浮动面板都可以用鼠标进行拖拽随意放置符合你工作惯性的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCaGmO2C8ieaIC9sLdArsfb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"标题栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKoKeoMSkgoU8shBS9SRb0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"标题栏显示的是对工作区命名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsKaAK6eAEgAWizJsn9jIb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6QqC8YsGCeGERK1QSddhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"包含四个部分,分别为:图像显示比例、文件大小、浮动菜单按钮及工具提示栏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAeEgCGwwEMQKEz7raWlC9g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"图层工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnicwgMqUgKU2YaAjZcIqKPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"包含:图层关联、图层样式、蒙版、滤镜、图层组、图层、删除图层,这7大功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwEUkys2KW6QESYm96yJESf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYekI4YIWemuWU1kJgM3He"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Photoshop可以同时打开多幅图像进行制作,图像之间还可以互相传送数据。在打开的图像间可通过菜单【窗口】底行的图像名称切换,也可以快捷键【CTRL+TAB】完成图像切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneKoKMgaaqS6qglwQt3yo2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作区灰色的区域称为工作区,用来显示制作中的图像。Photoshop可以同时打开多幅图像进行制作,图像之间还可以互相传送数据。在打开的图像间可通过菜单【窗口】底行的图像名称切换,也可以快捷键【CTRL+TAB】完成图像切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnww2s66uysCQeI1UqdNLhIf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小窍门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnymiqCKK6qGgsYrInYD9s4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"具体每一个工具的名称,只要把鼠标移动到该工具上,旁边就会出现工具名称。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8K4CsceWySeWQTQQJwfYre"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"修图方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSqI6MIge4WCckd5FxWi8Ze"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用多个图层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC6O8AS6c22sUXJbbq2mVog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在工作中尽可能地使用多个图层,图层的作用,就是为了方便后期更改,否则Photoshop后期的修图和合成很难一次成型,为了让作品更完美,创作过程中会反复修改,因而最好在每一个关键的部分都新建一个图层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaqE2CwScgQyewWbb1aAgZu"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":762,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"使用多个图层","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0feea9466654f1397b26fb65971b919","width":1368},"text":"","id":"doxcnU0EKmauyOGeCofXXHSxy9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图层透明度的修改,一般都是在图层上方有个透明度,拉下图层上放的透明度滑块就可以修改了,还有更快的方法,就是选择图层,按下键盘数值可以直接修改透明度,按下数值1就是修改10%的透明度,按下数值2就是修改20%的透明度,按下数值3就是修改30%的透明度,以此类推,可以快速改变图层透明度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOOK2AkICcCA4UfNQ5n0GJg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"多使用蒙版","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC8WEIciu02I6mAeTSA7X6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"能想到删除和擦除这两个动作的地方,都可以用蒙版来代替。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYUuWYG4EGmgegwW5Mx7Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除和擦除是一种有破坏性的编辑,它们对于图层内容的伤害是不可逆的,而蒙版只是暂时隐藏选中的图像部分。好处在于,可以随时地对该部分图像进行继续隐藏或恢复等操作,并且无论操作多少遍,都对原图没有任何的破坏,蒙版是一种无损的编辑方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsmqAyYIqUmi2a86CRuTfSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"l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"id":"doxcnAYgQwsMKS6KmS3ck9InNZr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着将前景色调为黑色,背景色调为白色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyOQk8yGQOGqIsZBvsdZBpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9c8c1535e0884f4891f055b1e9a3e844","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnOUAG2Q0Ce2YcO6TnOFCULe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"调好后选择“画笔工具”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6weqWk4U2ywwm2cPxZGjSg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/45a5071392e24230b7cdf63735d01571","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnQWcSgmguYWQeABlqZs2Vrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"调整画笔工具的颜色为黑色,并选择图层蒙版","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6O2GSI0QW8IugFwgcgxhgh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5a67c481795147e4816733a60191659d","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnEW4gC8auO6km2QBnZL6kir"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着利用画笔工具将背景擦去即可完成抠图,如果不小心将图像擦掉了,可以交换前景色和背景色在擦除即可还原","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneoWYmKoic0kcYv4x95ENde"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"6、蒙板抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5b87df26980842ad89a3ce2c9503cdf0","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn2isooEiumwyE6n0CAEZCtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAsaIamecEioCi8ofF8Pdlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通道抠图适用于色差不大,外形复杂的图形,像毛发及树枝等。首先利用ps打开图片素材","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUi0AiySea24MCerVjklnxf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6842d6ac72df414ca5b8c3dbe7a59c0d","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnG0QkkusMcG00u85nIFsJZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后利用快捷键“Ctrl+j”复制一层图层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGmY8YmiGGS6I0dFPPOJKeb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eaf2767c39c34c2cbfc4b358ca2f8929","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn4224u4OeM84s0ChazCCWoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着点击“通道”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnysmUW2UukEY4uMwYf6y7Ue"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/deb11bbb39c54a6ebea2329cd32bb7ec","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnMQeWywmWUUIWK6ookCQnTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择并复制一个图像清楚的通道,如“蓝色”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGAii62uUQkAOAjUCDbvR9f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e9c48c5ef1e428f8f076d49e861765a","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnqsG2gGeCQswWoPBzmah0uf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后点击“图像”选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM2SUQcEKCWWSWAlM8bLMHb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/78a5d2fbd4984789a9aa27c2fc4ba45e","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnEguEeagO0ca22zYoo0Spfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择“调整”下的“色阶”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaCyiAQsiYqUKWQE2FAwJFc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":299,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/303d42e91258413ea195aa27a86d6a47","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn6KcQieI2co4iEvR6NwZ8ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后调整色阶以增强图像对比度,调整好后点击“确定”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6iwWiSQmaQgeqM4s1D2NNb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f49425f09ac248a38fb6b96e4b9706db","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnuAGAgUiQqsGEOe02JeAfPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着选择“快速选择工具”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUIc0SeeWYCy4z6Ea4yhIHQ"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":299,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/59609f42fc78498aa26ae58990962011","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnCW06q8gqYEYYKipjhwK1Fd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将图像选中,边界处可以放大在选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWOS6MqUmWGIAdVKWGHHhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da8ef5ac12524578aefdc1b546540b82","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnQ2eYW4qqeis0KxNNSu8znb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择好后点击“编辑”选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcQSMu46WysiiErgqbFjxf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/acda2d54555d4beb9c8cdd4ab19b04bb","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn6CimIym4IOYKyozyrZEW8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在弹出来的选项中选择“填充”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmQu0i8IYiQU6Smj9HzMoKe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":274,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/761f00e9455e47ae8f94c64c449589ef","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnMWigc2y8ycWCOGufGyz3Lf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将图像填充为背景色即为黑色,点击“确定”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMqGYu0mImuIEIzq8OjGkeb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e2751d3647eb4636a04cf7bd3be176a1","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcn04oIWQC24OIC8jDowQmZ1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后选择“图像”选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcUMIOa8e6mYEjzRgktgHe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/82bb713447a243ac8ea8cc34e528963a","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnW840O8UiYKWEuwWxuUyXJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择调整下的“反相”将背景设置为白色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngmAQggs6kYkIiC67hxdKzf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d9135424ea0d485b9c80d3107374adcc","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnwOeWKoeaIo06uD9Uomob8A"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着利用快捷键“Ctrl+J”复制一层图层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCkkskgi8yI2cwHZmuRRALe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6cdd963cfb794878ba690c66a7de105d","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnmOsu8gCsoeUYuOtlWCs6nc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着将图层1和背景的“小眼睛”关闭即可查看抠出来的图像","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIaaIEU4eimKcYwnFgfW1Pz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":294,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通道抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68712e6140d84c668f3545f1e2780cd8","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnOEyo2AK844oUcvMWGsWsgh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSIgW6QkCgEuWXak0UNJePX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"找到图片,点击打开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna62IsAUg4CIEMd2p7GgLjh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":498,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/898142c12d8c4cd89ee224311bf46149","width":529},"text":"","id":"doxcnmUa4cCmOSSKy0KhVor5yUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击使用魔棒工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnimCwQcU4meMmyemchp46Df"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":421,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9cb717b3e6c04db3a7153720df316033","width":617},"text":"","id":"doxcnsUi4e2iUkWcUCClc19hneg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击外部空白区域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC606iauewWu6qe4hvA8ASe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":563,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/65f76d2e8ec84deb8e4aad47fe99e37f","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnKMwiGCOug8yKuskjEjRrcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点击右键,点击“选择反向”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEG8qQAeMm82I2NqLPv2jgc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":408,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b265bb3ef83e4bb1a950322c9f910cf9","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnUwMy4Q8sQKSiSQxAA827Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"再点击右键,选择通过拷贝(剪切)的图层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqyIS4SMwwKEEMpixUraiTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":464,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/27375d904f4544298e439e8cad031890","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnUG8CeQOiyasSijiYrEtb41"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除背景图层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkyeWEksi2ugSAljRYHR7hg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、反向抠图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/195537b5adf547bba1c44209908ba651","width":515},"text":"","id":"doxcn8Ek6caQyEe0wSgLzKo6nKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如图,抠图完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMkGK4i8Aem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Filters...","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"”单击打开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneWwwGyCmoQqAeYgfsygQGf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"人像磨皮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/38dc2d7825a841e6a04a474188ad1632","width":1115},"text":"","id":"doxcnIKS8A8sIYyqcaKA65mXP8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先开启“皮肤平滑度”按钮,再调整“模糊、平滑度”数值,最后点击确定,以智能对象方式输出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq6kwiu6AC4WkC8TBIKASah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":753,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"人像磨皮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/27bd234ea61244c7aab36316d4175d95","width":1092},"text":"","id":"doxcnqM6KOigAUISSOuOso7VVmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ps2021新增的平滑度滤镜可以一键识别人物脸部,并进行磨皮,还可以通过智能滤镜进行修改,效果与美颜相机类似。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAk8s2iES6uSaArclZ65Ng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":753,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"人像磨皮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1d3da714f3ee4d1796c03e522687224c","width":1092},"text":"","id":"doxcnoKoAkGS0qQeQ4Ah54hrkId"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniAKCuGii8qK8vHXZleNPm7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先我们用ps打开图片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaUouuiCqQAc0UxyRVH7Wef"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":550,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b7c6583ebb77460f91afa35dcfe234c5","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcnQa0IuigSQUkKs2PHjmfIYH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后新建一个","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"图","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"层。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUgkaKsc2gqiko9PNa1Cclg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":502,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8cf4b7ae364247e5bd144e8ef3e188f5","width":1100},"text":"","id":"doxcn0kwGouWeY2ww8X3qZekIBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将图层混合模式设置为颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0MsM0Q8A4MSCK6iCIwwDsh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":433,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/243c4bafa0114133850533e635781fed","width":670},"text":"","id":"doxcnuw0yGc4iyIKaEdMQKrjTPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接着选择画笔前景色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoiE6ISsQyUOSEEtfNbN4Yf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":548,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"图片上色技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7ee989baaa2041ed8fac6547906ae43f","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcn684O2qgIW8cSusMinAkiQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后在图层上使用画笔上色即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMSicoEMmoyAeycrBK4i8ed"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E3. 人像摄影后期ps教程
PS如何修拍花的照片?
秋天到了,又到了拍花的季节。受制于光线、相机本身这些客观因素的影响,可能拍出来的照片并不是非常符合自己内心的要求。那么怎么去用ps做一些调整呢?
一般有哪些要修改的地方
一般来说,照片不满意就是因为照片看起来颜色并不通透。具体表现为:
曝光不准确:一种是因为环境光太暗导致的照片太暗,一种是因为曝光过度导致的照片过亮,失去细节。
饱和度不够:因为光线太暗,颜色饱和度不够,看上去灰灰的。
对比度不够:光线不够明亮导致的发灰。
以下面这张照片来具体分享下怎么去解决这三个问题。
1、使用【曲线工具】来提亮,点击ps中的曲线工具
2、将曲线向上提,照片就可以变亮了
3、相同的道理,将曲线向下拉就可以让照片变暗(这张更适合变亮,具体根据你的照片情况来定)
4、点击【色相/饱和度】工具,提高照片饱和度
5、将饱和度滑块往右边滑动就可以增加饱和度了
6、最后是增加对比度,增加对比度有两个方法-【曲线工具】和【亮度/饱和度】工具
打开【曲线工具】将曲线拉成s型可以增加对比度
打开【亮度/对比度】工具将对比度滑块往右滑也可以增加对比度
对比图
以上,希望对您有帮助~
@人像摄影精选 分享ps后期技术 | 分享摄影教程 | 分享拍摄心得
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4. ps人像修图摄影后期
就是专业的数码后期修图师。这个范围比较广。比如说像婚纱摄影或者写真摄影都需要后期修图师。主要是按照客人的要求,对原始的照片进行修饰。比如有些客人想把自己修得苗条点瘦一些,脸上的瑕疵把它修掉,这些都属于很基本的修图。如果是商业型的修图要求应该会更高。
5. 人像摄影入门技巧
一、更多让人物呈现最佳状态的技巧
人物摄影要获得专业效果比你想象中更难,原因很简单:专业摄影师雇佣令人赏心悦目的模特,而你也知道,模特之所以是模特,原因也只有一个——他们废寝忘食。当然,我是开玩笑。他们之所以成为模特是因为他们非常上镜。所以,让我们的工作更有难度的是:我们不是被迷人的模特环绕着。我们通常是为朋友,或者是为很多长相介于憨豆先生和赫特人贾巴之间的人拍摄。这也是作为一名人物摄影师,其工作比经验丰富的职业摄影师更有挑战的原因——我要从非模特相的人身上获得魔术般的效果。这也正是我们常常对我们的人物照片感到失望的原因(当然是在不是我们的过错时)。本章我们将会看到两种经过力证的方法,可以帮助我们每次都获得更好、更专业的照片。
(1)如何跟长相更好的人交朋友(如果你很富有,这非常有帮助)。
(2)学习控制灯光和控制被摄体的姿势。关键是要使用戏剧化的灯光,我所说的“戏剧化的灯光”其实是指没有光。这些非模特出身的被摄体被打亮得越少,最终的照片效果越好。实际上,考虑剪影或者长距离夜间拍摄,也就是距离被摄体100~200码拍摄——在这个距离上任何人都看起来非常不错(这也是距离产生美的原因)。不管如何,本章将告诉大家拍摄人物的方法,并提供一个地点清单,在这些地方经常有穿着比卢森堡的GNP还要贵的牛仔裤而且表情较好的人们游玩。
二、不要留太多头部空间
当一般人拍摄快照时,他们总是在被摄体头顶上方留有太多空间(如上图所示)。这是大多数业余爱好者常犯的错误,但幸运的是非常容易修正。但千万不要这么做 ——不要留太多空间。如果你记得本书第一卷中的人物构图技巧(被摄体的眼睛在景框上方1/3的地方),那么你就可以避免这种“太多头部空间”的问题。
三、人物方向
大多数图片都是水平方向拍摄(风光摄影),这也创造了最完美的感觉,因为相机就是以此种方式设计——水平支撑,这是快门按键在右上方的原因,正好手指可以自然地放在那里。
但是,专业肖像摄影通常都是垂直方向拍摄(这也是被称作“人物方向”的原因,但这个术语大多数时候都用在电脑打印图片的情形——你会看见一个风光片(横向)或者肖像(纵向)的按键)。所以,如果你想获得更专业的人物肖像,那么相机垂直放置,按照人物方向拍摄(当然,像其他规则一样总是有例外的,本章稍后会讨论这些例外情形)。
四、拍摄人物?一定要有电池手柄
如果拍摄很多人物,那么你将花费很多时间在相机上下翻转上,很快就会对按下相机最上面的快门键感到疲惫不堪。
此时,你需要一个竖拍电池手柄。除了可以让你使用两块电池,无需更换电池就可以拍摄更长时间,另外一个好处就是大多数电池手柄都包含垂直方向快门键和设置光圈和快门速度的旋钮,这样竖拍就跟水平拍摄一样手感舒适。除了这些好处,我所认识的大多数摄影师都认为这样让整个相机拿在手上更舒服、更牢固,甚至水平拍摄时也是如此(相机在手中的感觉非常重要)。更好的消息是这些电池手柄可以用于大多数单反相机,相对于其优点,电池手柄比想象中要便宜(一般是700元人民币以上)。
五、伪规则——“肩膀上的太阳”
你可能已经听说过“肩膀上的太阳”规则,其大意是说户外拍摄人物时,你应该背对太阳(在你的肩膀上面),这样被摄体的脸部被照亮。这对于拍摄快照来说是非常完美的规则,但是对于集体人物照来说却是最糟糕的(除了“高大人士站在后面”这样的情形)。
如果你想使户外人像摄影具备专业品质,那么别让太阳直接照射在脸部(虽然一般人都是这样操作),这样会使每个人都斜眯着眼睛,眼睛无法睁开,而且无法面对相机。更糟糕的是,他们的脸上有刺眼、直射、令人讨厌的光。
如果被摄体背对太阳(不是你背对太阳),这样他们的周围就有不错的边缘光效果(勾出头发轮廓),然后略微使用闪光灯(保持闪光灯的较低亮度),让他们的脸部有足够的光线,这样他们就与周围的自然光融为一体了。
订购电池手柄时只需寻找一件东西:不是所有的电池手柄都有垂直快门键,所以一定要确认你所订购的电池手柄具有这项功能。
六、拉近广角镜头
这个概念是指现场用广角镜头拍摄——由于一直备受推崇的规则——不要用广角镜头拍摄,因为他们会失真,看起来很奇怪,所以很多年我都未考虑过这个方法。
但是世界上最顶级的摄影师,优秀的Joe McNally 完全颠覆了这个神话,彻底改变了我拍摄环境肖像的方式——用广角镜头拍摄,拉近镜头。当用广角镜头拍摄时,你可以真正接近被摄体(你可以拉近),它们也不会失真,只是景框边缘的景物看起来有点“宽”,但是景框边缘的景物展示了拍摄环境。我一直都对此方法感到怀疑,直到Joe向我挑战,看看People杂志,大多数图片都是拉近广角镜头拍摄的。我感到非常震惊,不仅是People杂志,几乎一切地方都是如此——从杂志到广告牌,到打印广告、网络。专业摄影师拉近广角镜头拍摄,你也可以!
七、横拍人物侧面
现在我们已经学习了竖拍人物肖像的规则,让我们打破这一规则(这是摄影规则里最有意思的事情——如果你学习了这些规则,就可能打破它们,非常酷吧!不过如果意外打破规则,就很不明智了,因为这是由于了解得不够)。不管怎样,故意打破这个规则的地方是我们拍摄被摄体侧面的时候。原因如下:因为被摄体面对景框的边缘,如果竖拍被摄体,他们看起来就像将人物肖像被限制在一个框里,视觉上非常不舒服。所以,打破竖拍规则,横拍人物侧面,会让被摄体有视觉呼吸空间,景框中的被摄体看起来更舒服。
八、使用长焦获得更好的人物肖像
你在电视上看过高端照片拍摄(可能是时装拍摄或者名人拍摄),并注意到摄影师与被摄体的距离了吗?这是因为他们利用了更长焦距镜头(此种镜头非常适合人物肖像拍摄)提供的“镜头压缩”。上面的照片完全告诉了我们整个秘诀——左图是用50mm镜头拍摄,右图是用70-200mm镜头拍摄,其焦距为 190mm。
即使所有相机设置和灯光都一样(它们拍摄只间隔几秒钟),她在右边照片中的效果看起来更让人喜欢。这也是你会看见很多专业摄影师以大范围焦距拍摄人物肖像的原因。这也就是说,他们尽量用镜头的长焦端拍摄。所以,如果他们用28-135mm镜头拍摄,那么在100mm-135mm的范围拍摄会有最佳效果,人物肖像的效果此时最令人满意。
九、户外人物肖像拍摄需要柔光罩的原因
当拍摄人物肖像,光线非常刺目、不理想时,那么在更糟效果之间可以投币决定:相机内置弹起闪光灯或者直射光。
幸运的是,如同你在《数码摄影手册》中所学过的,如果户外拍摄人物肖像,而且附近有一阴凉处,那么你可以在阴凉处拍摄。但如果我们是在沙滩或者沙漠,或者是其他附近没有阴凉处的地方拍摄呢?那么你需要拥有下面这些设备其中之一——33英寸Lastolite TriGrip 1档柔光罩(我在闪光灯部分也提到过,分散外置闪光灯的刺目光,所以在这里它有双重任务)。请一个朋友手持柔光罩于太阳和被摄体之间(如上图所示),你立即就可以获得柔和、漂亮的自然光。其售价大约是480元人民币,离开工作室,你会对这种轻便的救生圈爱不释手。
十、为人物肖像选择更好的背景
人物肖像摄影获得理想背景的关键就是“少即是多”。如果在环境中拍摄(比如某人的家里或者办公室等),要想获得专业效果,不是对背景精心改善——而是去除背景中的某些景物。你需要尽量少的背景分散主题因素,如果不可能,尽可能多地去除某些偏离主题因素,就像右边这张照片中我所做的处理一样。千万不要忽略它 ——为了创建真正理想的人物环境,它不能只是发挥作用的前景。整个照片都要作为一个整体处理,通过选择(或者创建)简单、整洁的背景,胜利的可能性就直线上升。
十一、有新意的构图技巧
大多数你看见的照片不是横拍,就是竖拍,所以拍摄角度应该更有新意,对,新意!现在,对于人物肖像摄影有一个非常流行的方法:转换相机角度,这个角度会让被摄体朝向某一角落。这个方法简单得不能再简单了——只要将相机稍稍向右或者向左旋转,然后拍摄。你可能需要多尝试几次,让被摄体在你所想要的景框位置,但是这种效果(它已经存在多年)将会更受欢迎。
十一、裁剪他们的头部上方
这是人物肖像摄影中“千万不要让被摄体的头部留下太多空间”的下一步骤。在这种构图技巧中,你需要修剪掉被摄体的头部最上方,读到这里,你们肯定会觉得奇怪。被摄体的头部填充满景框是非常流行的专业技巧。
像这样紧凑的构图形成了非常引人注目的效果,如上图所示,现在它引起了你的注意,你会发现这种构图技巧无处不在,已经成为很多顶级时装、美容和人物肖像摄影的主流方法。(注意:虽然裁剪被摄体头部的最上方,或者手臂的边缘、肩膀、头发等的做法很好,但是你不应该裁剪下巴。人们实际上习惯看见最上面被修剪,这样会看起来自然,但看见下巴被裁剪的照片视觉上会很不舒服。)
十二、户外拍摄集体照更简单
照亮一张集体照,而且每个人都有等量的光线无疑是种挑战,这也是拍摄集体时,通常让被摄体在户外以获得更好效果的原因。使用可用户外灯光照亮整个被摄体会更简单,特别是被摄体在阴凉处(不是阴凉深处,只是阴凉处的边缘,但是没有光斑透过树枝、窗户或建筑物之间的间隙投射在被摄体身上)。如果你足够幸运,在多云天气拍摄集体照,那么你的工作非常简单——只是让被摄体走出户外,多云的天空就会替你料理好光线问题,所以你可以把注意力放在他们如何摆姿势上。(顺便说一句,要想获得专业效果的集体照,摄影师绝不会说“现在所有的高个子都站在最后一排。”)
十三、集体照摆姿势的技巧
下一次拍摄集体照时,千万不要让所有人站成一排(你也知道这种效果看起来不好),试图让他们集结在某些景物周围——某些被摄体自己就会很自然地安排好位置。比如说,试图让人在床上或者床周围,或者椅子、柱子、汽车、桌子或者任何可以把他们集合成一个整体的物体上或者周围摆姿势,这样他们就不会站成一条直线。
十四、生活集体照的技巧
想拍摄更吸引人的生活集体照吗?那么让被摄体呈紧密的金字塔型(三角形),但是我说的紧密是指他们都接触到——手臂彼此相靠,头部凑在一起,一个人在景框的最上方,各有一个人在金字塔底部的一侧(如下图所示),其他人都紧密地靠在中间。
这样,你会发现他们的身体并不是呈一条直线——他们的位置是交错的,但是他们全都斜靠在一起,这样让照片看起来更有活力和趣味性。我没有将这种方法尝试于人数众多的集体照,但如果你已经获得一张趣味横生的生活集体照,这是对此种方法的最有力说明。
十五、千万不要均匀照亮整个被摄体
人们看照片时,他们首先是被照片中最明亮的景物吸引,所以你只希望最亮的光投射在你希望的位置,对吧?完全正确!所以,如果拍摄人物肖像,你希望人们关注被摄体的脸部或者叠错的手臂吗?当然如此。但是大多数人用相同的光线照亮整个人物,被摄体两侧的手部与其脸部的光线几乎一样。
如果你想引导赏图者的目光焦点落在你希望的位置,那么照亮被摄体,最明亮的光在被摄体脸部,然后逐渐沿着身体向下而变暗。这样增加趣味、生动性,你会发现视觉焦点通常在人物的高端。顺便说一句,这也是羽化光线的另一范例,这样光线的边缘就是被摄体的脸部,脸部以外的光线完美迅速地减暗(但是不要让它变得太暗——它应该仍然很亮,有细节,只是没有脸部亮)。
十六、想要获得更好的人物肖像?千万不要报数!
如果你想人物的拍摄姿势看起来不错,然后在按下快门键之前数1、2、3。这几乎保证了你的人物肖像照片不可能具有自然的表情。作为一名摄影师,发现人物自然的表情时刻,并及时捕捉这一瞬间是你的工作。任何人都可以站在那里,数1、2、3,然后在第四声按下快门键,如果这样做,你所拍摄的照片任何其他人也可以拍摄。如果你想有些特别的效果,更自然的表情——真诚的微笑或者表情,那么摒弃1、2、3这种老套做法,而是与你的被摄体倾谈。激发他们,让他们开始谈笑风生,甚至是让他们打发时间,然后时机成熟——捕捉这一瞬间。这样他们的照片不仅仅是布光良好、姿势自然,你会让他们的图片变得自然。
窗户光,特别是任何地方的北面窗户光源是人物肖像最美的光之一(事实上,某些专业摄影师坚持只使用自然窗户光拍摄所有人物肖像)。窗户分散了流入的光,窗户越大,光线越柔和、分散。所以,如果你已经获得某些不错的窗户光,那么被摄体应该在哪里,光线才会最美呢?你希望被摄体及其肩膀面对窗户(这样光线就穿越过被摄体,脸部一侧会有柔和的阴影)。
然后,让被摄体距离窗户1.8米,这样光线就非常柔和,而且萦绕在被摄体周围(如果让他们之间的距离更近,那么柔和的光线会变化很快)。而且,让被摄体稍稍在窗户后面,这样他们就能接触到窗户光的边缘,而不是直射太阳光。这种边缘光非常柔和,会让你获得很多专业摄影师梦寐以求的完美的、魔幻般的光线。
十七、处理面部挑战的6个快捷方法
通过摆姿势和给被摄体打光,你可以隐藏或者减少很多典型的面部问题(比如大鼻子,圆脸,皱纹,大耳朵等)。下面有6种快捷方法,帮助你让被摄体面部表情看起来最佳。
(1)如果被摄体是秃顶,那么从较低角度拍摄,千万不要使用头发照明灯之类的东西。
(2)如果被摄体皱纹丛生,那么尝试直接照亮它们,因为侧光会强调阴影,让皱纹更明显。
(3)如果被摄体的耳朵较大,那么让他们摆姿势,这样只显示出一只耳朵,然后照亮它们,这样一只耳朵就会出现在脸部的阴影侧(所以基本上,只出现一只耳朵,而另一只隐藏在阴影中)。
(4)如果被摄体长着白人的大鼻子(这只是技术术语),那么让他们转过头,直接对着相机,让他们的下巴略微抬高,然后从一个较低角度拍摄,这个角度不会强调鼻子。
(5)如果被摄体有双下巴,那么让他们直接看着相机,然后他们的头部朝相机前方稍稍延伸。这样就拉伸并紧固下巴的皮肤。而且,如果直接照亮他们(把灯直接放在拍摄者所在地点的上方),这样在下巴下面增加了阴影,隐藏了双下巴。
(6)如果被摄体是圆脸或者脸部较胖,你可以嘲笑他们,让他们减掉几磅。然后当他们的眼中饱含泪水时,你就会有他们一天中最自然的表情。当然你也可以让他们的脸朝左或者朝右,只拍摄脸部的3/4,这样他们的脸看起来不会那么圆,尽管事实上当然是很圆的。
6. Photoshop人像摄影后期处理技法100问
摄影后期有两大神器。
一个是Lightroom,一个是Câmera raw
两者都可以对相片进行颜色修缮,画面裁剪,污点修复,镜头校正,等等操作,基本上可以修复拍摄后样片大部分需要修饰的颜色,曝光等等修饰需求。
之后还可以用Photoshop 对相片进一步的人物调整,字体添加,效果修饰和画面处理。
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